Defined Roles: Hazardous or Beneficial Essay -- Gender Roles, Trifles,

All through the twentieth century, ladies were named by their sex jobs in the public arena. These jobs seclude ladies from men in numerous parts of life. The job of ladies during this time was fixated on being a fantastic mother and guardian of the house. Ladies that accomplished their sexual orientation job in this general public were regarded, yet the individuals who bombed where subject to confinement from the two classes. The play Trifles represents a portion of the basic sex jobs related with ladies and how it influenced their communications together. One of the absolute first instances of the contrasting perspectives happening by these jobs is their alternate point of view of the house. From the women’s point of view, the house has importance far more profound than a position of haven. It is a position of shelter where security ought not be included. Mrs. Peter’s response to the natural product is another case of the contrasting points of view. She says â€Å"oh, her natural product: it froze. She stressed over that when it turned so cold† (Glaspell 1970). This portrays pleasantly how the sexual orientation job of ladies is includes the house particularly the kitchen. This likewise outlines these jobs gave a methods for association with ladies right now. One reason Mrs. Dwindle is worried about Mrs. Wright organic product, is on the grounds that she knows about this undertaking and knows the time and exertion put into it. The men are hampered by their sexual orientation job and hence respond to the circumstance without this empathy. Rather, the men just make jokes about the amazing thought of a lady â€Å"held for homicide and stressing over her preserves† (Glaspell 1970). The men do anyway see the confusion of the house explicitly the kitchen and quickly judge her as dreadful servant. In this time, the essential occupation of the spouse was to vehicle... ... untalented in settling on choices in regards to her own wellbeing. All through the story, John is seen controlling even the least complex activities of his better half. John accidentally changes her into an alternate individual. She shrouds her actual inclination terrified of how they would be intruded. She totally looses herself in what John needs her to be. Her wants and feeling become veiled, and just through the backdrop does she express her actual inward despondency. Since she was discharged from her job of parental figure and maid, she went to composing which was unsuitable for her recuperation. She was headed to craziness since she was deprived of job that overwhelmed her life. In these social orders, jobs directed numerous parts of life. To numerous ladies the job of mother and maid was sufficient. However, for the ladies who needed to step out of this â€Å"norm† investigation anticipated.

Cellphones Is An Expert At Distracted Driving Essay Example For Students

Cellphones Is An Expert At Distracted Driving Essay â€Å"No One is an Expert at Distracted Driving.† The cellphone (cell phone) has perpetually changed the world wherein we live in and the manner in which we see life today. It’s frequently the primary thing we see when we wake up and the last thing we see before we hit the sack. It doesn’t matter where we are or whom we’re with, our cellphones are consistently with us. Cellphones have made an existence where it is difficult to imagine a world without them. We utilize our cellphones to assist us with exploring our streets and interstates, report car crashes and open aggravations, direct business and remain associated with family, companions a partners at some random time. There are such a significant number of preferences to claiming a cellphone; anyway driving while at the same time utilizing one isn’t one of them. As per the National Safety Council, cellphone use while driving prompts 1.6 million crashes every year and about 330,000 wounds per year from mishaps brought about by messaging (Statistics, n.d ., p. 1). As of the hour of this report just fourteen states inside the U.S. have restricted the utilization of hand-held cellphones while driving, though forty-six states have prohibited messaging while at the same time driving. While no state has unequivocally prohibited the utilization of cellphones for all drivers, thirty-eight states, including the District of Columbia have in any event restricted its utilization by fledgling drivers (Governors Highway Safety Association , 2015, p. 1). While apparently numerous states have various translations of the laws overseeing the utilization of cell phones while driving, measurements plainly recommend that the laws administering the utilization of cellphones while driving should be normalized to remember an across the country boycott for cellphone use while driving. Numerous drivers accept that they perform various tasks among driving and chatting on their cellphones, anyway actually they can’t. Driving and chatting on a cellphone are two pa rticular reasoning assignments. So as opposed to preparing both all the while, the cerebrum quickly switches between two psychological exercises (National Safety Council , n.d., p. 1). So unmistakably, â€Å"No One is an Expert at Distracted Driving.† Outline1 History2 Problem One3 Problem two4 Issue Three History As the cellphone business keeps on developing and cellphones become further developed, so does the issues related with utilizing them while driving an engine vehicle. Innovation assumes an enormous job in Americans’ lives, as is clear by the quantity of people who currently own cellphones. The minimal effort of proprietorship and simplicity of versatility has influence cellphone deals to develop exponentially. Every year the cellphone business becomes bigger, with its assessed complete clients coming to more than 270 million just in the United States. Not just has the quantity of Americans utilizing cellphones altogether expanded lately, yet the quantity of cellphone clients using the instant message highlight on their telephones expanded by around 160 percent. Today’s cellphones have numerous highlights and practically boundless abilities. Perhaps the greatest development in cellphone innovation was its capacity to associate it to the Internet. This capacity alone, without any help reclassified what the cellphone would eventually become, and assisted with introducing our unfortunate fixation on the gadget. Lamentably this expansion in usefulness made more interruptions for the client. At some random time for the duration of the day, roughly 660,000 drivers are endeavoring to utilize their telephones while in the driver's seat of a vehicle (Statistics, n.d., p. 1). The National Safety Council appraises that 80% of Americans confess to utilizing cellphones, and 20% confess to messaging, while at the same time driving. That adds up to almost 100 million drivers. Drivers utilizing handheld gadgets are multiple times bound to be associated with a fender bender sufficiently genuine to cause injury. This makes a genuine hazard people in ge neral. .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179 , .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179 .postImageUrl , .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179 , .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179:hover , .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179:visited , .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179:active { border:0!important; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179:active , .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179:hover { mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } . u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d981717 9 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2beb9e9e53ac27f7a3f115a5d9817179:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Dangers of Texting While Driving EssayProblem One Driving while at the same time utilizing a cellphone has been contrasted with Driving Under the Influence (DUI) or Driving While Intoxicated (DWI). Drivers who have a blood liquor focus (BAC) level of 0.08 or higher are arraigned to the full degree of the law. It ought to likewise be noticed that the debilitated driver is multiple times bound to be associated with a fender bender while inebriated. As per examines a driver that is messaging or chatting on the telephone while driving is twenty-three times as liable to be associated with an auto crash (Institute for Public Policy Studies University of Denver, 2014, p. 9). So apparently drivers who drive while occupied by a cellphone are twice as liable to be associated with a mishap as alcoholic drivers. In all states, first-offense DUI or DWI is named a crime, and deserving of as long as a half year in prison. Ensuing offenses frequently bring about prison sentences of a while to a year and for a DUI or DWI that s been delegated a crim e either in light of the fact that the driver murdered or harmed somebody or on the grounds that it s the driver s third or fourth DUI prison sentences of quite a while are normal. Why shouldn’t this sort of discipline incorporate drivers captured for driving while at the same time chatting on a cellphone or messaging? Issue two Text informing has become a genuine interruption to the normal driver. Agreeing the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administration, â€Å"Eleven percent of driver’s matured 18 to 20 who were associated with a car crash and endure conceded they were sending or accepting writings when they smashed (Federal Communications Commission , n.d., p. 1).† 44 states have prohibited messaging while at the same time driving. As per the Don’t Text and Drive site, â€Å"those who drive while perusing or sending an instant message are 23 percent bound to be associated with a fender bender than somebody who does not† (Parkview Trauma Centers, n.d., p. 1). I don’t comprehend why anybody would hazard it. We as a whole realize that driving while at the same time messaging or driving while diverted is risky, yet we do at any rate. For what reason would we say we are playing Russian roulette with our lives? An accident normally happens a normal of three to five seconds aft er a driver gets diverted. About 2 out of 10 drivers (18%) report that they have sent instant messages or messages while driving. The greater part accept that utilizing a cellphone to send instant messages or messages won’t influence their driving execution (Tison, Chaudhary, Cosgrove, 2011, p. I), anyway drivers who are occupied for just 5 seconds, going in a vehicle at 55 mph will travel a separation of 360 feet or what might be compared to a football field before they understood they’re diverted. Envision what could occur in that measure of time or separation? You wouldn’t recognize what occurred until AFTER it occurred! In 2012 more than 3,092 individuals were murdered from messaging and driving! 87% of adolescents feel that driving and messaging is hazardous. However 80% of high school young ladies and 58% of adolescent young men confessed to messaging and driving! Messaging while at the same time driving can kill (Lott, 2012). Issue Three Nobody is paying attention to implementation of the law. Just 14 states have a restriction close by held cellphones, and even idea 46 states have a prohibition on messaging while at the same time driving, no state bans all cellphones for all drivers (Governors Highway Safety Association , 2015, p. 1). In any case, even all things considered, we despite everything need requirement of the current bans set up. Matt Sedensky, of the Huffington Post (2011, p1) composes that the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) not just needs to boycott the utilization of hand-held cellphones while driving, yet sans hands gadgets too. Be that as it may, as per law requirement, â€Å"it would be about

Mother Daughter Relationships - The Mother-daughter Relationship in Amy Tans The Joy Luck Club :: Joy Luck Club Essays

Mother-Daughter Relationships in The Joy Luck Club In The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan investigates mother-little girl connections, and at a lower level, connections between companions, sweethearts, and even foes. The mother-girl connections are in all likelihood various parts of Tan's relationship with her mom, and maybe a few sections are completely fantasies of her creative mind. In this book, she presents the clashing perspectives and the narratives of the two sides, giving the peruser - and at last, the characters- - with a comprehension of the mindsets of both mother and little girl, and why every one is how she is. The book is sorted out into four areas, two committed to the moms and two dedicated to the little girls, except for June. The main area, consistently, is about the moms' childhoods in China, the timeframe during which their characters were formed, giving the peruser a superior feeling of their actual selves, since later in the book the little girls see their moms in an alternate and unflattering light. Tan does this so the peruser can see the narratives behind the two sides thus as not to pass judgment on either side unjustifiably. This area, titled Feathers From a Thousand Li Away, is appropriately named, since it depicts the legacy of the moms in China, a heritage that they wished to offer on their girls, as the little story to start with means. For a long time, the moms didn't recount to their little girls their accounts until they were certain that their wayward posterity would tune in, and by at that point, it is past the point where it is possible to cause them to comprehend th eir legacy that their moms deserted, quite a while in the past, when they left China. The second and third segments are about the little girls' lives, and the vignettes in each area follow their character development and advancement. Through the eyes of the girls, we can likewise observe the continuation of the moms' accounts, how they figured out how to adapt in America. In these areas, Amy Tan investigates the troubles in growing up as a Chinese-American and the issues absorbing into present day society. The Chinese-American girls attempt their best to become Assimilated, simultaneously pushing off their legacy while their moms watch on, alarmed. Social weights to become like every other person, and not to be diverse are what persuade the little girls to dislike their nationality. This was a more noteworthy issue for Chinese-American girls that experienced childhood during the 50's, the point at which it was not all around acknowledged to be of an ethnic foundation.

Sanchez and Levine Summary Free Essays

In making the differentiation between competency displaying (CM) and customary Job investigation (TAXI the creators articulate that the last reprises itself with portraying and estimating everyday tasks of explicit jobs In an association while the previous identifies with wanted conduct capabilities that rise above different jobs and In doing so add to a larger hierarchical procedure. The creators think about CM and TAX along six measurements: reason, perspective on the activity, center, time direction, execution level and estimation approach. While all measurements are similarly significant in making an understood differentiation between the two ideas, with the end goal of this rundown I will concentrate on what is as I would like to think he three most pertinent qualifications between the two HRS procedures in particular, center, time direction and execution level. We will compose a custom article test on Sanchez and Levine Summary or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now The creators contend that TAX centers exclusively around the activity and in doing so neglects to perceive that activity conduct could be impacted by factors other than formal obligations. CM then again, fabricates itself around thoughts of ’employer brand’ and ’employee esteem proposition’ that incorporate conduct subjects and novel execution qualities that get straightforwardly from the hierarchical character itself. The focal point of CM Is especially significant on the grounds that it has critical down to earth suggestions when conveying the board desires to workers. A business brand ought to relate to a business system and imparting key skills as a segment of the board desires is bound to support on-brand conduct in the conveyance of items and administrations to clients, paying little heed to the employee’s Job title. For instance, the consideration of ‘Discretionary Effort’ among Feeder’s skills urges Its representatives to go well beyond their everyday Job duties and give inventive answers for customers’ requests, which Is predictable with an all-encompassing business technique of surpassing client desires. Moreover, since skills impart general social topics that the association wishes to see over all Jobs, workers looking for professional success can relate to these subjects and play out their obligations that advantage themselves as well as the association also. Most associations don't draw in their representatives In a way that urges them to show such on-brand conduct. Anyway It appears to be very clear, that going with explicit occupation obligations with these conduct topics and remunerating representatives for showing such practices in the work environment could significantly affect a firm’s notoriety and by and large consistency in the way workers play out their obligations. Furthermore, the creators contend that TAX Is established In the past in light of the fact that It worries about depicting a Job by depending on the individuals who have played out the Job till date. Interestingly CM NAS a Touch on ten Torture, Decease It imparts now a Joy noses be deciphered and performed starting now and into the foreseeable future paying little heed to past conduct. Expense adopts a base up strategy depending on data got from workers playing out the activity, while CM adopts a top-down strategy by conveying nonexclusive conduct topics recognized by pioneers who are likewise answerable for vital arranging. Moreover, the creators contribute that TAX traces everyday operational capacities that have encouraged the endurance of the association till date, while CM worries about change-arranged skills that urge workers to show certain social attributes that may encourage development and hang. Generally, CM permits representatives to more readily see how their particular Job assignments add to the organization’s vital activities and when furnished with the correct impetuses, workers are bound to change their practices that line up with these methodologies going in to what's to come. Giving representatives a feeling of direction and course that encourages the firm’s future development is bound to empower practices that go well beyond an employee’s essential obligations in serving the clients which may thusly serve the association too. Last yet not the least, the unmistakable exhibition level tended to by TAX and CM is of specific essentialness since it permits us to comprehend what will draw out the best from representatives in an association. While TAX addresses the typical’ prerequisites expected to play out the work assignments, CM centers around ‘maximal’ execution by empowering a progression of inexactly coupled social topics that go past the operational productivity of essential parts of a Job. This qualification is critical supposing that chiefs wish to urge workers to perform at a level cap goes past the normal everyday obligations, they should exceed expectations at certainly conveying these social topics to others in the association. These topics will in general be conventional so they rise above over all Job titles inside the association and bear on the relational parts of the way in which the Job should be performed. Consequently, as referenced prior, those looking for professional success have an away from of what kind of conduct will bring about ideal results and that upgrading everyday activities alone won't serve them or the association over the long haul. Instructions to refer to Sanchez and Levine Summary, Papers

Human Development Essay

Investigating the Human Development Index guide of Africa, which can be seen on (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index) on the web; it shows that a large number of Africa’s nations are very underdeveloped.7 One of the undeniable explanations behind why nations is Africa are underachieving is a result of how poor is the quality of their economy contrasted with others. As it is notable, Africa is extremely plentiful in mineral assets the same number of different states depend upon their, having the vast majority of the realized minerals kinds of the world. Africa’s economy is more dependent on agribusiness than that of some other mainland, with around 60% of Africans working in the horticultural part. Also, the financial improvement of essentially all African countries has been impeded by deficient transportation frameworks. Most nations depend on street arranges that are made to a great extent out of earth streets, which become obstructed during the blustery seasons. Street systems will in general connection the inside of a nation to the coast; hardly any street frameworks interface contiguous countries.9 To show how poor and how terrible economy emergency is in Africa, one should investigate their food emergency and the developing volume of food imports. While Africa imported a normal volume of 1.96 million metric huge amounts of rural items in the years 1961-63, by 1980-82 this figure had ascended to 11.2 million metric tons at a yearly estimation of over $6.8 billion (more than one-seventh of the all out estimation of Africa’s imports in 1982).Owing to outside trade imperatives, most African nations have needed to depend progressively on food help to meet their imported food requirements.10 The business parts of most African states depend vigorously on one or a couple of fare items. The main part of exchange happens with industrialized countries, which require crude materials and sell modern and customer products. Exchange between African states is constrained by the serious, as opposed to reciprocal, nature of their items and in terms of professional career hindrances, for example, duties, and the assorted variety of monetary forms. Taking a gander at the economy of Europe, a sharp differentiation in quality and impact can noticeably be seen. Europe has for quite some time been a world head in monetary exercises. As the origination of current science and of the Industrial Revolution, Europe gained mechanical predominance over the remainder of the world, which gave it unchallenged strength in the nineteenth Century. A significant driving force for development since the mid-twentieth Century has been the arrangement of supranational associations, for example, the European Union, the European Free Trade Association, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In contrast to Africa, Europe has profoundly evolved transport frameworks, which are densest in the focal piece of the mainland. Numerous nations in Europe utilize all around kept up transportation frameworks to ship significant merchandise, for example, water transport which assumes a significant job in the European economy. Practically all European nations keep up national aircrafts, and a few, for example, Air France, British Airways, Swissair, Germany, and Netherlands are major overall carriers.13 Looking at the two economies and exchange, it is verifiably evident that Europe conducts considerable universal exchange contrasted with Africa. For Europe, quite a bit of its exchange is intra-mainland, particularly among individuals from the European Union, yet in addition participates in enormous scope exchange with nations of different landmasses. Germany, France, Great Britain, Italy and the Netherlands are among the world’s most noteworthy exchanging countries. An enormous part of European between mainland exchange includes the trading of produced merchandise and the bringing in of crude materials. Europe’s agrarian segment is commonly profoundly grown, particularly in Western Europe. The agrarian part in Europe is helped by the Common Agricultural Policy, which furnishes ranchers with an insignificant cost for their items and financed their fares, which builds seriousness for their items. This approach is exceptionally dubious as it hampers organized commerce around the world (protectionism flashes protectionism from different nations and exchange alliances: the idea of exchange wars) and is disregarding the idea of ‘fair trade’.15 Africa’s economy is increasingly dependent on essential items (i.e, farming and mineral) than that of some other mainland, with around 60% of Africans working in the horticultural segment. Around three fifths of African ranchers are means ranchers working little pots of land to take care of their families, with just an insignificant excess that can be sold for other goods.16 However, there are critical number of huge homesteads that develop money harvest, for example, espresso, cotton, cocoa, and elastic; these homesteads, ordinarily worked by enormous partnerships, spread several square kilometers and utilize huge number of workers. Africa’s geology is unsuited to exchange and therefore hampers its economy. The focal point of the landmass, in any event on the western side, is a practically invulnerable rainforest that extraordinarily obstructs the travel of individuals of merchandise. Probably the wealthiest pieces of South Africa are obstructed from the remainder of Africa by the Kalahari Desert, while the Sahara makes an undeniable hindrance to exchange. While Africa has various incredible waterway frameworks, for example, those of the Nile, Niger, Congo, and Zambezi, it isn't so all around connected streams as are different regions, for example, Europe. In addition, a considerable lot of the waterways are obstructed by rapids and waterfalls that require huge improvement ventures on the off chance that they are to be avoided. The wetness of the streets and tracks makes transport troublesome and dangerous. Moreover Africa is sliced off from the ocean to a more noteworthy degree than some other mainland. To implement much more issues to Africa; there is an expanding measure of desertification happening in Africa where the deserts, particularly the Sahara are increasing, encompassing zone around them, leaving less space for land. This procedure is mostly because of the deforestation of zones of timberland; without any roots to hold soil set up, it overwhelms leaving a barren desert. Europe has a very much evolved money related part. Numerous European urban communities are money related focuses with the City of London being the largest.19 The European monetary area is helped by the presentation of the euro as normal cash. This has made it simpler for European families and firms to put resources into organizations and store on banks in other European nations as conversion scale variances are currently non-existent in Europe. As referenced above, Europe’s economy is better than that of Africa, so what would africa be able to do to improve it’s economy or maybe what would it be able to take from the Europe economy as a model. Teacher J A. van Ginkel held a gathering on the ‘Knowledge and Development in Africa’; here he discussed approaches to improve Africa’s economy anyway not just by getting the monetary arrangements right.20 Prof van Ginkel makes reference to that there is currently significant proof that institutional shortcoming in numerous African nations is a basic impediment to financial performance.21 From the reviews he led on the deterrents to business in Africa it features the harm brought about by: the unusualness of changes parents in law and strategies, the inconsistency of law requirement, and the effect of degenerate bureaucracies.22 Unless governments wipe out these sorts of snags then it is far-fetched that the economy whether it is only locally in specific pieces of Africa or on a national front will thrive. A part of the Europe model that Africa can gain from is the part of information. No product is more costly than â€Å"knowledge†. An Africa without a practical, solid information division of its own will consistently stay in a perilously needy position. Research and preparing establishments on the mainland can make a basic commitment in any event three different ways: by benefiting as much as possible from existing indigenous information; by getting to the immense store of existing worldwide information, just as the progressing propels in comprehension, and adjusting them to suit explicit nearby conditions; and by assisting with finding creative answers for apparently obstinate problems.23 regarding HR, it was featured in the ‘Seminars of Anticipation’ that African advancements experiences an awful oddity: from one viewpoint, elites prepared in Western world are too much (and the vast majority of them remain in the US or in the EU since they can't discover generou sly compensated qualified situations in Africa, or in light of the fact that their abilities don't relate to African needs); while then again the all around prepared middle of the road officials required to deal with a cutting edge economy are unfeelingly absent in Africa (higher specialized specialists, the executives administrators, common administrators†¦). To finish up, this paper has looked the economies of both Europe and Africa and thought about and differentiate them two. It has likewise given data about the two economies as far as exchange and fund. A short history was given which took a gander at the connection among Europe and Africa and to the times of ‘colonisation’. Reasons with respect to why the two locales are on various levels monetarily were given to show how prevailing and rich Europe was and how poor and immature Africa was. The Africa food emergency was referenced to give a record of how poor Africa was against different districts. Also ways that Africa can improve their economy subsequently bringing it more force and quality so it can rival different areas was given, for instance ensuring Africa had the aqeduate training with the goal that it learn. Numerous Africans move toward the west with the goal that they can have advanced education which isn't accessible in Africa and will in general remain there once they have finished their examinations. This is hindering to Africa’s advancement and in this manner an answer for the issue is bolster the production of a total educational plan. This would prompt a monstrous commitment to the improvement of professional and specialized educa

How To Cope With a Crisis or Trauma

How To Cope With a Crisis or Trauma Stress Management Situational Stress Print Tips on How to Cope With a Crisis or Trauma By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Carly Snyder, MD on November 10, 2019 facebook twitter linkedin Carly Snyder, MD is a reproductive and perinatal psychiatrist who combines traditional psychiatry with integrative medicine-based treatments.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Carly Snyder, MD on November 10, 2019 Kathrin Ziegler / Getty Images More in Stress Management Situational Stress Effects on Health Management Techniques Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress All change brings stress as a by-product. Sometimes, however, events in our lives are traumatic enough to constitute a crisis, and stress levels are nearly unmanageable. Such crises include being diagnosed with a serious health condition, dealing with the aftermath of a natural disaster, or being personally affected by a human tragedy, although events of lesser severity can also constitute a crisis. Healthy Ways to Cope With a Crisis What are some healthy ways to cope with a crisis and get through to the other side? Here are some guidelines to keep in mind when coping with a crisis. Focus on What’s Important When dealing with the aftermath of a crisis, it’s important to focus your resources. Just getting through the day is an accomplishment, so paring down your responsibilities in order to just do that should be key. Order take-out so you can cut down on shopping and cooking, put unnecessary commitments on hold, and just focus on what really needs to be done, so you can conserve your physical and emotional energy. Find Support If others know about your trauma, chances are they will be offering to help; now is the time to take them up on it. Let your loved ones  lighten your load by helping with tasks or providing a supportive ear. You can repay the favor later when you’re up to it and they need something. You can feel better from receiving support, and others will probably feel better by being able to do something to help. That’s what friends do best. Lessen Your Stress Response When you experience a crisis (or even when someone close to you experiences a crisis), your bodys stress response may become triggered and stay triggered, keeping you in a state of constant stress. It may be difficult to feel relaxed in the midst or aftermath of a crisis, but you can practice stress relief techniques that can reduce the intensity of your stress levels, help you reverse your stress response, and feel more resilient in the face of what comes next. Process Your Feelings Whether you write in your journal, talk to a good friend, or consult a therapist, it’s important to put words to your experience in order to better integrate it. As you move through the crisis, you may be tempted to ignore your feelings for fear that you’ll ‘wallow’ too much and get ‘stuck’, but processing your feelings allows you to move through them and let them go. Take Care of Yourself In order to avoid adding to your problems, be sure to eat a healthy diet, get enough sleep, exercise regularly, and do other things to keep your body functioning at its best. Also, try to do some things you normally enjoy, like seeing a movie, reading a good book, or gardening in order to relieve some of the stress that you’re going through. Be Patient With Yourself Sometimes people who are dealing with a crisis or trauma wonder if their negative reactions are a sign of weakness, or if they’re handling things the ‘right’ way. While there are more and less healthy ways to handle troubling situations, be patient with your feelings and reactions to things. It’s natural to feel ‘not yourself’ after a majorâ€"or even minorâ€"trauma, and accepting yourself and your reactions will help you feel better and process things more easily. Seek Help When Needed If you experience intrusive thoughts and feelings, have recurrent nightmares, or are unable to move through your life the way you need to because of your reaction to the trauma, even after several weeks, you may want to talk to a professional about your situation to be sure you’re getting the support you need. Even if you have no major problems but just feel that it might be a good idea to talk to someone, it’s better to err on the side of having extra help. It’s a smart and responsible way to take care of yourself.

5 Tricks for the SAT Reading Test

Each section of the SAT asks its own types of questions, so each section requires a slightly different strategic approach. Today, we’ll be discussing some tricks for tackling the Reading section of the newly redesigned SAT. Tip #1: Annotate! If you do nothing else from this list, do this. Chances are good you’ve had to annotate something for English class sometime in the last couple of years. Time to bust out those skills! All the reading passages on the test will be over 600 words, which means you’ll be trying to absorb a lot of information at once and then trying to apply it to ten or so questions. As you go through the passage, pause after every one or two paragraphs to ask yourself: What did I just read? Next to each section, jot one or two words to remind yourself what it was about. Keep an eye out for main ideas and topic sentences, since there will always be at least one question on those. If the author has a clear agenda or bias, make note of that, too. This sounds like a lot of work, but the few seconds you spend doing this will pay off when you read a question and know exactly where to find the answer because of your notes. Trick #2: Refer to the SAT graphs first. Some of the reading passages will be paired with graphs and/or charts. Questions that reference them will almost always ask you to use information from both the graph and the passage to answer them. Check the graph first. Visual information is often easier for us to absorb than written information, and you can often eliminate at least one or two answers based solely on the graph. Then return to your (annotated) passage and compare its claims with the graphed data to make your final choice. Tip #3: Build your comfort with older language. This trick works best if you have plenty of time before your test. Every Reading section will include a â€Å"Founding Documents† passage, from the 18th-19th centuries, and a â€Å"Global Conversation† passage, from any era. The language you will encounter in these passages is often difficult for modern students to decipher. If you’re lucky, the â€Å"Founding Document† will be something you’ve seen before, such as part of the Declaration of Independence, but there is no guarantee that it will be. The best way of making sure you are prepared for these passages is to expose yourself to that type of writing before taking the test. Revisit documents you might have studied in English or History to refresh your memory. You can also take a look at Project Gutenberg, which has free, digital copies of works from every era and on tons of subjects. Even a little familiarity with older language can remove some of the anxiety of dealing with it on a timed test. Trick #4: Find your groove. Remember that you can tackle the test however you feel you work best. Don’t feel like you have to follow the test linearly from start to finish or that you have to completely read each passage before starting to answer the questions. Some students might find it easier to tackle SAT comparison passages right at the beginning of the test, then move on to the single passages. Some like to leave them for last because they can suck up the most time. Some like reading the whole passage, then addressing the questions, while others like to read half, answer some of the questions, then read and answer the rest. Try taking some timed practice tests and try out different approaches to find one that works for you. Once you’ve found your groove, stick to it! Tip #5: Don’t panic! Occasionally, you’ll encounter a passage that just doesn’t make sense to you. You’ll read it, annotate it, and still not be sure what it’s telling you. Don’t panic. Answer the questions that require less analysis, such as the Words in Context questions. Then tackle the questions that ask for something clearly stated (Hint: these will say something like â€Å"According to the passage†). Only then tackle the harder ones. If you’re super stuck, make a best guess and move on. If you have extra time, you can always come back to the tough questions, and there is no penalty for wrong answers, so you might as well take a guess. These five tricks will help you navigate the daunting new Reading section with more confidence. Remember to keep practicing! In case you need a refresher, here is an overview of what the New SAT Reading is going to entail.

All that Is Gold Does Not Glitter - 1101 Words

Aragorn is the most qualified to bear the ring and cast it into the fires of Mount Doom due to his pure, kind heart, and his immense passion and dedication. Lastly he possesses powerful intellect and knowledge. These character traits would aide him on his journey to demolish and destroy the ring making him the most capable and competent member of the fellowship. It is these very honorable qualities that would best assist him in accomplishing his goal and purpose. In J.R.R Tolkien’s The Lord of Rings: The Fellowship of The Ring, Aragorn was initially presented as Strider, a queer, strange, scruffy, and grubby character who produced a suspicious ambiance at the inn in Bree making the Hobbits extremely cautious, for they perceived him as a†¦show more content†¦Aragorn displays extreme devotion and commitment. He does not loose faith that he can assist Frodo. He spares no effort in trying to assist Frodo in reaching Rivendell, and he helps Frodo meet the Elf Glorfindel. He tries his best to fulfill his duty and responsibility. His passion is extremely deep rooted and this is proven when Aragorn meets Frodo for the first time and says â€Å"I am Aragorn son of Arathorn and if by life or death I can save you I will† (Tolkien 241). He is tremendously dedicated, and forgets about his own life, safety and wellbeing. He will die for the loyalty he possesses for Frodo. This unshakable passion is tested when the Orcs viciously attack the fellowship. This is noted when â€Å"Aragon Slew many (creatures)†¦the Orcs (were) diving under Aragorn’s Blow with the speed of a startling snake...Aragon picked up Frodo where he lay by the wall and made for the stair† (Tolkien 404). Aragorn passes the test and displays strength and zeal when helping Frodo and fighting the Orcs. He also shows immense passion through his awareness and caution as â€Å"he was gazing intently at the sky†¦and the flock of birds at great speed† (Tolkien 3 54). It is this caution that allows him to warn the fellowship of the Crebain. He demands that the fire â€Å"be put out and not lit again† (Tolkien 354). His diligence and awareness saved the fellowship from the Evil Birds. His extreme caution, vigilance and passion prove to be extremely helpful in annihilating dangers that appearedShow MoreRelatedStephen Leacock1418 Words   |  6 Pagesdepartments of our colleges ought to get busy and re-write our national proverbs. They are all out of date. They dont fit any longer. Indeed, many of them are precisely the converse of existing facts.  Our proverbs have come down to us from the days of long ago; days when the world was very primitive and very simple and very different; when people never moved more than a mile and a half from home and were all afraid of the dark; and when wisdom was handed out by old men with white whiskers called prophetsRead Moreall that glitters is not gold2456 Words   |  10 PagesAll that glitters i s not gold  is a well-known saying, meaning that not everything that looks precious or true turns out to be so. This can apply to people, places, or things that promise to be more than they really are. The expression, in various forms, originated in or before the 12th century[1]  and may date back to  Aesop.[2] Chaucer  gave two early versions in English: But all thing which that schyneth as the gold / Ne is no gold, as I have herd it told, and Hyt is not al golde that glareth.Read MoreUI / UX Design Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesHow To Build An App With Good UI/UX Design It is often said that not all that glitters is gold, but how about if it glitters and it is really gold? The satisfaction that comes from that will be enormous. You will, in essence, own something that just doesn’t seem to possess the qualities that you need, but that actually possesses all of those qualities and more. That is the effect a proper UI/UX design has on an app. Developing an app, launching it and waiting for reviews or feedback from the usersRead MoreEssay About The Trapping The Leprechaun1020 Words   |  5 Pagesleprechaun picking shamrock in the field next to my house. Everybody knows that the leprechauns will tell you where a pot of gold is hidden if you catch them and let them go. So all I had to do was to catch this leprechaun and then I’d be rich! So here is how I trapped the leprechaun: I grabbed all of my art supplies, pens, paper, glue, glitter, etc. By the time I laid out all of my supplies, I had a plan. I took paper and began working. I kept checking the time every other minute. I knew the leprechaunRead More True Love in The Merchant of Venice Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pagestelling Portia that his complexion has won him many women and he is dressed in all white.   The fact that he is, suggests that he is only concerned with outward appearance, and not with more important things such as true love.   The Prince of Moroccos superficial nature shines through even more clearly when it comes time to choose the casket. He does not want to risk anything, and therefore; he does not choose the lead casket whose inscription tells the suitor he must give upRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Ipu Library1370 Words   |  6 Pageslibrarians to be close with each other. This report will be discussing the staff of the IPU library and the students and the teachers who use the library and my reflection on my strengths and my weaknesses. Furthermore, it will discuss what the library does, my internship duties, the organisation’s strengths and weaknesses, my recommendations for the organisation and for future interns at this workplace. Finally, it will compare the IPU library with other libraries in Palmerston North and New ZealandRead MoreThe First Person Narrator in J.D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye1097 Words   |  5 PagesSalinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, the first person narration played a critical role in helping the reader to know and understand the main character, Holden Caulfield. Salinger also uses symbolism to help portray the theme that not everything t hat glitters is gold. Holden, in his narration, relates a flashback of a significant period of his life, three days and nights on his own in New York City. Through his narration, Holden discloses to the reader his innermost thoughts and also helps to introduce theRead MoreThe Aesthetic Was Magical Mr Mistoffelees1139 Words   |  5 PagesThe Aesthetic was Magical Mr. Mistoffelees Part of what makes DreamGirls so intoxicating is its dazzling and meticulous aesthetic. From the opening scene, everything flashes, shimmers and gleams. Elements like spinning mirrors/reflections, glitter and snapping bulbs create this sense of magic that s used to heighten and emphasize parts of the story, entrapping the viewer. Some of the most enchanting numbers are the title song and I m Not Going, of course. The Dreams first performance is announcedRead MoreRacial Discrimination In The Merchant Of Venice1496 Words   |  6 Pagesa chest. There is a gold, a lead, and a silver casket to choose from, with an inscription on each of the boxes. Whoever chooses the right one may wed Portia. The Prince of Morocco chooses the gold casket because â€Å"never so rich a gem was set in worse than gold.†(2.7.60-61) He says that no one is more beautiful than Portia and compares her to gold. Based on that comparison, he chooses the gold casket.. However, when he opens the casket he rea ds that â€Å"All that glitters isn’t gold...had you been wiseRead MoreWhat Is The Theme Of Symbolism In Edward Scissorhands797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Judgement of Society Some say not all that glitters is gold, and I agree. However, there are people in the world who would disagree. From the start, everyone teaches others that perfection is the secret to excelling in life, and that normalcy, not originality is the key to that secret. In films such as Edward Scissorhands and Alice in Wonderland, Tim Burton displays misfit and judgmental characters in his films to portray the idea that society wrongly teaches people to fear the unknown. Burton

Essay The Simplicity of Bliss - 1407 Words

French author, journalist and philosopher, Albert Camus writes, â€Å"but what is happiness except the simple harmony between man and the life he leads.† In his book, The Geography of Bliss, Eric Weiner sets out on a journey around the globe to â€Å"places that possess, in spades, one or more of the ingredients that we consider essential to the stew of happiness: money, pleasure, spirituality, family, and chocolate, among others†. (2) According to the World Happiness database, these are the keys to the happiness of several countries he visits. However, when he explores the nation of Bhutan, he encounters an entirely contradictive idea of happiness. The Bhutanese believe that less is more. From the beginning of his visit in Bhutan he finds that from†¦show more content†¦To navigate these roads requires the cooperation of everyone involved, from drivers, to school children crossing the road, to the Languar monkeys. There are no neon signs or billboards along his route. Weiner eventually arrives in the capital of Bhutan, Thimphu, which is the only capital in the world without a traffic light. During his visit there, Weiner meets with Karma Ura who is public intellectual in Bhutan. Ura’s office is in an old building but is described by Weiner as a smartly designed space. Later, when visiting Ura’s unassuming familial home, Weiner sits with Ura’s mother, on a cushion, on the floor as the home is lacking furniture save for a low table. She shares with him what life was like when she was younger. She witnessed the addition of such advances as cars, paved roads, electricity and television. For the Bhutanese this advancement is seen as both good and bad. Some additions promote the happiness of their community while others, like television, allow the promotion of violence in this otherwise peaceful society. While their current infrastructure lacks complexity, it is proven effective for their needs. Weiner continues describing Bhutan as â€Å"a country determined to diminish the importance of money in [their] lives† (Weiner, 57). Whether demonstrated by the age of the well-used, dependable Corolla, or the unpretentiousness tiny airport, the Bhutanese believe that â€Å"what’s on the insideShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of David Henry Thoreau s Poem, Where I Lived And What You Lived For955 Words   |  4 Pagessense that one should try to do the unconventional and live simply. By living simply, one will be able to find happiness from within. Although a simple life is ideal, there are others who feel simplicity is, and can be equated to ignorance. As the historian Thomas Gray once noted, â€Å"Where ignorance is bliss, ‘tis folly to be wise† (Ode on a Distant Prospect, 1783). In simpler terms, the less one knows about the world around them, the better off they are. Speicher-Cook 2 Those that believeRead MoreHow Does One Find the Miraculous in the Common? Essay example1187 Words   |  5 Pageson solitude in natural surroundings, a state Emerson explains as, â€Å"†¦a transparent eye-ball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.† To Emerson, nature is similar to personal bliss; a person can be distanced from life trifles and find tranquility within the noise. However, the only way to achieve such an experience is though the independent thought expressed in â€Å"Self Reliance†. By distancing oneself from the noise of opinionsRead MoreConsumed by Beauty in Death in venice by Thomas Mann Essay620 Words   |  3 Pageswith the perfect beauty of the child. For the first time in his life he sees the simplicity of beauty and how perfect it is, however, he is consumed by it. Aschenbach’s introduction to beauty consumes his mind from the rest of the world. Aschenbach s earches for beauty in life, but is trapped and consumed by it and is pulled away from the rest of the world. Tadzio represents beauty and he shows Aschenbach the true simplicity of beauty. In Aschenbach’s eyes Tadzio is â€Å"a precious artifact of human nature†Read MoreScouts Childhood Simplicity in Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird631 Words   |  3 Pagesnever know how bad it actually was, just from a single glance. Children have a small slice of ignorant bliss, which helps to keep them away from the harsh of reality. It isn’t until later, when they encounter something that opens their eyes and shows them, that they truly start to understand the world we live it. Harper Lee’s To Kill A Mockingbird shows the many differences between the simplicity of being a kid and the tough decisions and problems that adults must face every day. Jean Louise FinchRead MoreNotes on Virtue, Tradition and Animal Mating Essay893 Words   |  4 Pagesthe new arts and sciences give the appearance but not the reality of virtue, which he holds to be the true value of civilization. Rousseau seems to indicate that humans in a state of nature were moral and generally good, because in their original simplicity they could not deceive one another. The arts and sciences, then, challenge that basic morality, being created throughout history to disguise our evils. Rousseau then makes a comparison between Athens and Sparta. He admires the Spartans becauseRead MoreThe Dream Of The Rood Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pages† The rood is describing his own humility. They were both mocked but he stood under the presence of Jesus Christ. The rood was no longer focused on it’s own sorrows and Torres 4 belittlement but rather proud to be sacrificing it’s life for the simplicity of carrying God’s son. The narrator has a struggling faith, the rood has described the atrocious events and has realized the ultimate purpose is salvation; salvation through faith. The author emphasizes salvation through the struggles of the roodRead MoreLove Should Grow Up Like An Wild Iris739 Words   |  3 Pages Real Life Love Throughout â€Å"Love Should Grow up Like an Wild Iris in the Fields† Susan Griffin provokes the readers to think twice about why they consistently enslave themselves with the burden of daily monotony, instead of enjoying the simplicity of love. Griffin uses two metaphors in her poem when describing love, as a flower, as well as the iris of an eye. Her comparisons are both interesting as well as accurate. Love should be born and live in fields, just like wild flowers. Love needs toRead MoreThe Violets Gwen Harwood Analysis1714 Words   |  7 Pagesdrifting into reflection and aurally creates transience between the present and the past. Childhood is portrayed as a time of safety that is often looked back upon with nostalgia from an adult perspective. Monosyllabic words are used to show the simplicity of childhood life, for example in the line â€Å"the thing I could not grasp or name†. The ‘spring violets’ are ‘in their loamy bed’ and are no longer frail and melancholy, and the memory takes place on a ‘hot afternoon’ in contrast to the ‘cold dusk’Read MoreThe World s More Full Of Weeping Than You Can Understand1395 Words   |  6 Pagesin â€Å"The Man Who Dreamed† with the form ABBA for each stanza in the poem, but without ending couplets. The rhyme scheme is consistent in every one of the four stanzas, and reveals a certain simplicity that is found in both poems. The man and the stolen child are both allured to Faeryland because of the simple bliss that seems to be there; however, they are left unsettled between the two worlds because they are unsu re of what they actually want to pursue. Although the stolen child is the only one whoRead MorePlato s Allegory : Knowledge And How New Knowledge Can Alter A Person s Entire Life872 Words   |  4 Pagesideas, that would lift him form ignorance, he would prefer the simplicity of his old beliefs. In many ways this is seen when a student attends a higher place of learning such as a college or university and is presented information that conflicts with their religion, morals, or even the ignorance that not knowing a human is a mammal. These students will reject this â€Å"blasphemy†, hold firm to what they have been taught, and enjoy the bliss that is ignorance. Plato makes it very clear that truth has

Condensed Formula Definition in Chemistry

The condensed formula of a molecule  is the formula where the symbols of atoms are listed in order as they appear in the molecules structure with bond dashes omitted or limited. While vertical bonds are always omitted, sometimes horizontal bonds are included to indicate polyatomic groups. Parentheses in a condensed formula indicate the polyatomic group is attached to the central atom to the right of the parentheses. A true condensed formula can be written on a single line without any branching above or below it. Condensed Formula Examples Hexane is a six-carbon hydrocarbon with a molecular formula of C6H14. The molecular formula lists the number and type of atoms but gives no indication of the bonds between them. The condensed formula is CH3(CH2)4CH3. Although less commonly used, the condensed formula of hexane could also be written as CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3. Its easier to visualize a molecule from its condensed formula than from its molecular formula, particularly when there are multiple ways the chemical bonds could form. Two ways to write a condensed formula of propan-2-ol are CH3CH(OH)CH3 and (CH3)CHOH. More examples of condensed formulas include: propene: CH3CHCH2 isopropyl methyl ether: (CH3)2CHOCH3

The Red Wheelbarrow Explication - 778 Words

Poetry is an example of written literature. In ancient Greek, poetry means â€Å"I create† – an art form in which language is used for its aesthetic qualities (Poetry.org, 2005). Poetry is a piece of literature that helps people to express their feelings and emotions. People can express their sad, happy, and romantic feelings through poetry. There are many poets in the United States such as Theodore Roethke, Robert frost, Emily Dickinson, William Carlos Williams, and many others. In this paper, there will be an introduction to William Carlos Williams and one of his poems, â€Å"The Red Wheelbarrow†. There would be also an explication of the poem based on reader’s interpretation. William Carlos Williams was born in Rutherford, New Jersey in 1883. He began writing poetry when he was in high school. He also decided to become a doctor and a writer in the same time. He embodied his ambitions by attending medical school and also publishing some of his literatures. William Carlos Williams had a very unique characteristic in writing poetry. Instead of writing a long stanza, William Carlos Williams made his poem as short as possible. Concise poems were his original identity. He was the first poet who had subject matter that centered on the everyday circumstances of life and the lives of common people (Poets, Poets.org, 1997). He influenced many other poets through his concise poetry. The subject matter of his poetry also influenced people’s idea in writing poetry. He conveyed a new perception

Quality †Market Leader Free Essays

UNIT 10 – QUALITY QUESTIONS 1. What does it mean by â€Å"Quality† and â€Å" Quality Control†? 2. What should companies do to maintain the quality of their products/services effectively? 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality – Market Leader or any similar topic only for you Order Now What do you think about the quality of Vietnamese products? What should companies do to enhance their competitiveness in competition? ANSWERS 1. The definition of quality depends on the different circumstances and perceptions. The meaning of quality is also time-based or situational. a. The definition of quality in manufacturing organizations is often different from that of services. Quality de? itions in manufacturing usually focus on tangible product features. The most common quality de? nition in manufacturing is conformance, which is the degree to which a product characteristic meets preset standards. Other common de? nitions of quality in manufacturing include performance— such as acceleration of a vehicle; reliability— that the product will function as expected without failure; features— the extras that are included beyond the basic characteristics; durability—expected operational life of the product; and serviceability— how readily a product can be repaired. The relative importance of these de? nitions is based on the preferences of each individual customer. It is easy to see how different customers can have different de? nitions in mind when they speak of high product quality. b. In contrast to manufacturing, service organizations produce a product that is intangible. The intangible nature of the product makes de? ning quality dif? cult. Also, since a service is experienced, perceptions can be highly subjective. In addition to tangible factors, quality of services is often de? ned by perceptual factors. These include responsiveness to customer needs, courtesy and friendliness of staff, promptness in resolving complaints, and atmosphere. Other de? nitions of quality in services include time— the amount of time a customer has to wait for the service; and consistency— the degree to which the service is the same each time. Quality control Quality control is a process that is used to ensure a certain level of quality in a product or service. It might include whatever actions a business deems necessary to provide for the control and verification of certain characteristics of a product or service. Most often, it involves thoroughly examining and testing the quality of products or the results of services. The basic goal of this process is to ensure that the products or services that are provided meet specific requirements and characteristics, such as being dependable, satisfactory, safe and fiscally sound. 2. What should companies do to maintain the quality of their products or services effectively? In order to maintain the quality of what we sell, we need to carry out wise quality control program as well as good customer services. 3. 1. Total Quality Control (TQC) program. 3. 2. 1. We have to focus on continuous improvement, tend to think of improvement in terms of plateaus that are to be achieved, such as passing a certification test or reducing the number of defects to a certain level. Because we can never achieve perfection, we must always evaluate our performance and take measures to improve it by using The Plan–Do–Study–Act Cycle. Another way companies implement continuous improvement is by studying business practices of companies considered â€Å"best in class. † This is called benchmarking. . 2. 2. We should also consider empowering all employees to seek out quality problems and correct them. The new concept of quality, TQC, provides incentives for employees to identify quality problems. Employees are rewarded for uncovering quality problems, not punished. In TQC, they are considered a vital element of the effort to achieve high quality. Their contributions are highly valued, and t heir suggestions are implemented. In order to perform this function, employees are given continual and extensive training in quality measurement tools. . 2. 3. Teamwork Approach TQC stresses that quality is an organizational effort. To facilitate the solving of quality problems, it places great emphasis on teamwork. The use of teams is based on the old adage that â€Å"two heads are better than one. † Using techniques such as brainstorming, discussion, and quality control tools, teams work regularly to correct problems. The contributions of teams are considered vital to the success of the company. For this reason, companies set aside time in the workday for team meetings. . 2. 4. Use of Quality Tools To control the quality of products or service, some company use quality tools. These are often called the seven tools of quality control and are shown in the picture. They are easy to understand, yet extremely useful in identifying and analyzing quality problems. Sometimes worker s use only one tool at a time, but often a combination of tools is most helpful. Those tools include Cause-and-Effect Diagrams, Checklists, Flowcharts, Control Charts, and Scatter Diagrams. 3. 2. 5. Product Design A critical aspect of building quality into a product is to ensure that the product design meets customer expectations. To produce a product that customers want, we need to translate customers’ everyday language into specific technical requirements. 3. 2. 6. Process Management A quality product comes from a quality process. This means that quality should be built into the process. Quality at the source is the belief that it is far better to uncover the source of quality problems and correct it than to discard defective items after production. If the source of the problem is not corrected, the problem will continue. TQC extends the concept of quality to a company’s suppliers and ensures that they engage in the same quality practices. If suppliers meet preset quality standards, materials do not have to be inspected upon arrival. Today, many companies have a representative residing at their supplier’s location, thereby involving the supplier in every stage from product design to ? nal production. 3. 2. Customer Services It is wrong to think that the sales process ends right after the moment our customers buy the products. We had better keep an excellent relationship with them by an annual customer satisfaction questionnaire towards our products/services, by offering the products they bought routine checks to ensure that they are well-maintained, by giving them warranty that lasts for an adequate time, or by guarantee our offering compensation if there is still a faulty products. 3. The quality of Vietnamese products Quality is an abstract definition which is usually judged by customers. The fact that a product is said to be of good or bad quality is all depend on each customers’ view. Generally speaking, Vietnamese products are quite good and their quality has been continuously enhancing. An evidence for this is that Vietnamese people have now increased using them, and the value of products exported to other countries also goes up. However, our products still have a lot of limitations. They are hard to compete with the products coming from other countries in both domestic market and global market. What the limitations are and also the reasons for them are mentioned below: * Low quality owing to technological level: Our country is still a developing country. Our corporates are limited about expenditures, capital, experience, and other elements. They cannot afford to buy the advanced machines. Besides, they do not have enough qualified experts to operate the modern new equipment. Made by old techniques and ineffective manufacturing process, our products are usually of lower quality and uncompetitive. Moreover, this has led to a consequence in the structure of Vietnam’s trade balance: exporting mainly agricultural products, crafts and other kinds of unprocessed goods but not high-technical or processed ones. Popularity of unsafe products and loss of customers’ trust: Some corporates still just focus on their profits but not their value propositions. They try to cut their costs without taking notice on improving product quality. Some small companies even conduct their manufacturing process inappropriately, using some poisons, preservatives improperly or releasing waste directly and polluting the environment. The products made by those companies are not only bad for customers’ health but also unfriendly to the environment. This has a serious bad impact on consumers’ belief on Vietnamese products. Product quality does not commensurate with their price. In the correlation between quality and price, Vietnamese products have to face a lot of pressure from those of other countries. Their tastes, durations and many other criteria of our products are still uncompetitive and unattractive to customers. * Prices and designs of products are hard to compare with those of foreign goods. For example, our products are competed by the imported ones coming from China, Thailand, India and many other countries. Especially, Chinese goods are really varied, diversified and at extremely low price. Besides that, the favorite of using foreign products of Vietnamese people also limit competitiveness of Vietnamese goods. * Low position in customers’ mind: The government has made a lot of regulations on products quality and also carried out many methods to test products’ safety. However, not much enhancement is made. Consumers still have to worry about cleanliness as well as safety of Vietnamese products. Moreover, the issue of counterfeiting goods is still serious and this contributes to lower our product position. * The difference in quality between domestic-use products and exporting products due to corporates’ behaviors. In reality, because of the difference in value, exporting products are usually of higher quality than domestic-use ones. This discrimination has a negative effect on how consumers judge our products. * Infamous and low-trusted brands: Although we are a large exporter in some kinds of goods, our products are still not subject to any specific standards. Not having any national or international standards to ensure their quality, our products are not appreciated by customers. Their brands are also unpopular with them. In some cases, some brands have been certificated by Globalcap standards such as Nam Roi Grapefruit. However, they are now still threatened because our government does not have enough expenditure for recertification. In sum, Vietnamese products have a lot of limitations that need to be changed to raise their competitiveness. Enhance product’s competitiveness All we have to do is to fix the limitations as mentioned above. * Consumers only want to buy necessary goods of high quality. Hence, after investigating the demand of them towards certain goods, we upgrade our production chain so that we can satisfy our customer totally. But how do we pgrade our production chain? A survey carried out in 2012 showed that among nearly 8000 enterprises in the field of manufacturing, 96 per cent claims the crux of the problem is that they cannot afford to invest in new technologies. Assistances from our state are not enough. Therefore, to do this really difficult thing, companies have to recruit qualified experts who can help them develop new ways, new methods of production. Once they have be en successful, they are truly bailed out to provide customers with high quality items. * Create a unique image for our products. This is the only way to retain customers’ faith towards our products. They will know well where our products are and buy them, not faked ones. Also, using a signal or friendly slogan for products can help customers to remember us, typically. A practical action to solve this problem is to teach customers to realize us among the crowd. * Make our products value for money. Enterprise must be wise when performing price strategies so that customers gain the satisfaction when using our products, without whispered complaints on them being too expensive. High quality, but value for money. And, don’t try to lower the prices as what our rivals do, set the lowest level for our prices. This determines our true value. To some extent and in some segment, consumers they no longer pay the best attention in prices, but value – or quality. Keeping our prices at a reasonable level can create a good impression on our customers, that they are our life. * Gain the diversity when design our products. Imagine we have a large market for one kind of product. We make items the same as the others, and customers are fed of them. Especially girls, they don’t want others to â€Å"copy† their style. Thus, our product designers had better be innovative ones, or we have to hire more and more designers. * Once it is Vietnamese product, it must be as good as each other. The markets where we sell our products cannot decide the quality of them. This thinking will help our products to win the trust from our customers everywhere, for its being always of high quality. * We also need to change our mind of doing business. Vietnamese people tend to think they are never as good as foreigners. This one-track thinking indirectly do foreign business people a favor. We can do better than them if we can draw carefully a practical and effective plan. And the most important thing is that enterprises have to take actions to maintain the quality of the products for the forthcoming periods in which the state of the global as well as the local economy may come unexpected. Besides, we need to get help from other factors including productivity of motivated employees, wise and effective advertising campaigns or applying new methods in delivery. How to cite Quality – Market Leader, Papers

Risk and Crisis Management free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Risk and Crisis Management. Answer: Introduction Crisis Management involves around the process by taking recourse to which an organization handles a disruptive element that will cause harm to the reputation of an organization along with the stakeholders involved. It is held to be a very important process in relation to public relations.Risk management deals with the process of assessing and controlling aspects of threat that will affect the earnings of an organization (Glendon, Clarke McKenna, 2016). This report illuminates on the gross violation of decorum in the prestigious Concord College and how such a risk can be prevented at future. This report focuses on the possible risk that has emerged on account of the hosting of an anonymous server of the IT system of Concord College that can leak sensitive information along with that of images. It throws light on the underlying theories that were behind this action plan. This report includes a reflection on the entire event and the communication solutions that can be provided during s uch a crisis situation. Analysis of Theoretical and Practical elements involved in the teams response The humiliating act performed by a teacher Alexei Popov has thrown up a lot of controversy within the Concord College. Teacher often carry out abusive acts in the name of discipline has often been witnessed by the society and the education community. The video recording of the event will be made public harming the reputation of the particular college and the entire society at large. A formal statement posted by the College within the first two hours after such an incident is extremely crucial and they are considered the golden hours to seal the damage that is made by such an act (Lam, 2014). Such information should be posted quickly so that it can stay on top of the media. All the stakeholders have a say in how to deal with such a situation and the Department of Education of Queensland will be affected by this crisis and should provide extensive support in dealing with such a crisis situation. Law enforcement agency, board of directors and trustees, legal advisors will be involved wh o would provide an impartial view on the event thus helping the legal body of the college to arrive at a conclusion and provide a verdict on the violation of conduct within the premises of the College (Jin, Liu Austin, 2014). Popov should explain in vivid detail why such an action on his part became necessary and should communicate to the media in an effective manner that will not harm the reputation of the College otherwise students who would take admission in future would think twice before enrolling in the college. The facts of the event should be laid bare in front of the public and Alexei Popov should apologize for his gross conduct. The communication tactics will be handled by Mark Discus who is the communications leader and he will be able to provide valuable help in dealing with the media. Lee Gal is the legal advisor who will ensure that the actions taken are in line with the law. The teaching team and other staff should feel secure and they should be actively involved in the process of decision making (Alexander, 2014). The teacher Popov should undergo a counselling session in which he would be enlightened about behaviour program. Behaviour Plan should be in accordance with the disciplinary guidelines of the state education department and their particular college district. The target child should not feel powerless and that particular situation should not discourage the child from learning or from coming to the College. Milder form of punishment should be encouraged and punishment should be followed by some kind of reward (Page, 2014). The IT system of the Concord College is being hosted by an anonymous server that can contain sensitive information and images that will involve students from all around Australia. Immediate action is being taken by Concord College and activation of Crisis Response Plan is being done that will be in line with the values of Concord College. The IT manager would take the lead in handling the crisis. The stakeholders would be involved and website statement would be released. The students and staff would be informed with the help of email services. A press conference would be helpful in spreading awareness about the event. A counselling service would be launched for students and staff (Hopkin, 2017). The IT reboot was done 72 hours after the shutdown that would ensure no trace of website and host. The new servers would be investigated so that it will be ensured that such a mishap does not occur in future. An action plan is hence launched that will help in dealing with such a situation. The five steps involved are identification of the risk, analysing the risk factor, evaluating the risk, treating the risk and monitoring the risk. The theoretical framework was provided by the Event Analysis for Systematic Teamwork Method (EAST method) which was developed by Human Factors Integration Technology Center which is used to study socio technical network. It helps in describing the properties relating to socio technical network that arises on account of interaction between the different components. A leading web host provider that is backed by a branded server who has a dedicated support team will be able to guarantee ensure safe networking (Mohan Reddy, 2014). It should have unique AS number network, IP ranges and endowed with CISCO equipment. By making it unique it will be able to retain full control in case of any possible attack on the server (Mubarak, Ab Manan Yahya, 2014). All issues c an then be handled internally without taking the help of any external party to resolve the issue. Reflection on my contribution to Teamwork The members of the CrisisManagement Team will sit at a war Room where the entire team will gather and try to resolve the crisis (Maynes, Mottonen, Sharpe, 2015). The internal venue of Gregory Terrace is the location where the relevant crisis will be discussed at length. I being the spokesperson of Concord College was endowed with the difficult task of acting as the liaison between parties in order to reconcile differences. I have to interact with the local health care community, human rights and social services group so that I can make them feel that the Concord College has taken note of the breach of conduct because the teacher Alexei Popov has sprayed fire extinguisher on a student. I have to communicate to the social rights group that the college has taken notice of misconduct and the teacher would be punished appropriately for this. The priority of the college rests on the welfare of the students and the college disciplinary body will take all action that is necessary to prevent such crimes from occurring in the future (Page, 2013). The parents of the students should be reassured that such an incident would not recur in future and that the students of the college are free of any kind of harm. I will assure the parents that their children do not have to feel insecure and the college will take strict action against anyone who would jeopardise with the health and safety of children. It was announced that the $5m award would be presented at school and the fund would be used to fund Goulds program and use it to encourage investigation into similar cases of bullying. The IT issue that has grappled the Cordon College will have to be dealt with quickly in order to safeguard information relating to the students and staff across Australia (Sagiroglu Sinanc, 2013). I, the spokesperson of Concord College will communicate with the IT experts and Queensland Police Service to investigate the server so that the problem can be identified and eradicated as fast as possible. I will inform the stakeholders that immediate action is being taken to shut down on-site IT infrastructure so that data will no longer be at risk. Communication can be done through Concord College Social Media Service and phone lines can be used that are unaffected by the crisis. The backup website of the College can be used in the meantime (Puthal et al.,2015). Conclusion: The risks facing Concord College can be tacked through communication and effective steps should be taken so that such a problem do not recur in future. The teacher Popov should take part in a counselling session which would talk about the importance of behaviour program. Immediate action should be taken to shut down on-site IT infrastructure so that data risk can be prevented and security can be restored. Communication can be made with Concord College Social Media Service and phone lines that are not affected by the crisis. The backup website of the College can be used till the problem is resolved. References: Alexander, D. E. (2014). Social media in disaster risk reduction and crisis management.Science and Engineering Ethics,20(3), 717-733. Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., McKenna, E. (2016).Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Hopkin, P. (2017).Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Jin, Y., Liu, B. F., Austin, L. L. (2014). Examining the role of social media in effective crisis management: The effects of crisis origin, information form, and source on publics crisis responses.Communication research,41(1), 74-94. Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Maynes, N., Mottonen, A. L., Sharpe, G. (2015). Dealing with Student Misbehaviour both Verbally and Physically: A Comparison of Perceptions of Readiness to Address Classroom Management Issues.Journal of Marketing and HR,1(1), 16-24. Mohan, B. R., Reddy, G. R. M. (2014, February). Software aging trend analysis of server virtualized system. InInformation Networking (ICOIN), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 260-263). IEEE. Mubarak, M. F., Ab Manan, J. L., Yahya, S. (2014). An Implementation of a Unified Security, Trust and Privacy (STP) Framework for Future Integrated RFID System. InFuture Data and Security Engineering(pp. 122-135). Springer, Cham. Page, D. (2013). Teacher misbehaviour: An analysis of disciplinary orders by the General Teaching Council for England.British Educational Research Journal,39(3), 545-564. Page, D. (2014). Managing serious teacher misbehaviour.School Leadership Management,34(3), 269-283. Puthal, D., Nepal, S., Ranjan, R., Chen, J. (2015, November). A dynamic key length based approach for real-time security verification of big sensing data stream. InInternational Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering(pp. 93-108). Springer, Cham. Sagiroglu, S., Sinanc, D. (2013, May). Big data: A review. InCollaboration Technologies and Systems (CTS), 2013 Internationa

Strategic Planning Paper free essay sample

Identifying the long-term strategic planning initiative of Walmart will be the focus of this paper. The reader should be able to recognize the strategic initiative within the reading and distinguish how the initiative will have an effect on cost as well as sales. Many times risks are associated with strategic planning. A brief look into the risks associated with Walmart’s long-term planning will also be evaluated. Strategic Initiative Wal-Mart is a leader in providing goods and services at lower costs than competitors. The store started with a cost leadership initiative for running the business, and it has worked for the company for years.Wal-Mart has taken this initiative and maximized the plan where no one can directly compete. Wal-Mart analyzes the market and decides what the company can do to continue to thrive and beat out competitors, beating competitors by an aggressive price point is how the company addresses this. Cost leadership defined by Zanebooks as a strategy that a company uses that provides low costs while concentrating on the cost advantages of all other sources, which requires a balance with cost and quality. Wal-Mart’s success is contributed to no other company able to provide the cost leadership initiative on the same scale.The company uses unrelenting tactics to bring low cost to the costumers. Using cost leadership successfully requires industry originality and is usually too costly for others businesses to copy, allowing Wal-Mart to stand alone without serious competition. A major criticism of Wal-Mart is the squeezing of the suppliers for the lowest cost and the savings passed to the consumer. The company ethics were questioned on how they deal with their suppliers and the employees for the franchise to continue to retain the title of leader in the cost leader initiative.Wal-Mart has created loyal customers just for the one stop shop concept. Those customers are important if Wal-Mart cannot maintain the position it currently holds regarding the company’s cost leadership initiative. Effects of Initiative Walmart has become one of America’s most successful companies due to their cost leadership approach in business, aggressive advertising, and fiscal diligence. Walmart continues to be a success with earnings exceeding 400 billion dollars net profit in 2010.Walmart has financial planning or due diligence to analyze when considering expanding or making any decisions that will affect the company’s future cost or sales. â€Å"The authors state that WMT gained more than 400 billion dollars in annual revenue and has low-cost leadership as it reduces the prices of consumer goods, but not in increasing profitability. They note that WMTs per-share earnings are projected at 7%-8% annual growth and higher payout ratios (Peters ; Hottovy, 2011)†. Walmart continues to use the cost leadership approach allowing their customers access to low prices to live better.The idea is the average to low income American can have access to the goods at the lowest price . Sales at Walmart have increased during this so called recession and the resistance to raise prices on their products by pinching the vendors has empowered Walmart even more. Being a cost leadership company Walmart keeps over head down and one way to cut overhead is to only have part time employees or restrict their benefit options. Walmart also controls cost by having and implementing effective ways of everything from internal communication to keeping inventory stocked at all times.This will allow them long term success and continued growth. Associated Risk The cost leadership initiative approach allows Walmart to leverage scale and reduce cost when purchasing from their suppliers. The cost leadership also enables Walmart to sell to their consumers at a lower cost than their competitors, which in return will build their customers base. Cost leadership also gives Walmart the benefit of leveraging operating expenses and improving productivity at a lower rate than sales growth. Global sourcing strengthens cost leadership strategy which helps to drive down the cost of merchandise so that Walmart can pass savings on to their consumers (Walmart 2010 annual report). Risks associated with cost leadership are changes in interest rate, changes in currency exchange rate, market change and changes in consumers taste. Walmart sources product on a global scale, so if there is a changes in currency exchanges rates the cost of the product will cost more for purchasing, shipping and handling.A change in interest rate can affect the selling price which can result in fewer purchases from consumers. Walmart analyses the potential risk that is associated with the currency exchange rate and the interest rate and use a 10% rate of increase to counteract these market risk. Market change will affect Walmart if the demand for the product is at a slower rate which will make the product remain on the shelves longer and gives a slower return rate. The 10% rate of increase does not a pply to the future possible market change. Change in one of the market risk may result in changes in another, which can affect how Walmart price the product for consumers and it also affect the value of the cost leadership initiatives. By using cost leadership to leverage operating expenses, increasing productivity and sourcing goods globally at low, low cost will maximize returns on capital invested. Walmart execute a tight financial expense control and a strong inventory management along with cost leadership and financial discipline will gives Walmart more profitable returns (Walmart 2010 annual report).In closing, Team C has evaluated Walmart’s annual report to identify relevant strategic planning initiatives as well as to gain a better understanding of how the Walmart organization uses strategic planning to their benefit. We have discovered the extreme efficiency of using such a tool as cost leadership, and how Walmart uses this tool to dominate the competition and strive as the industry leader in providing quality products at discount prices. This combination proves to maximize profits as Walmart continues to effectively utilize global sourcing policies while minimizing the collective risk associated within.

Hung dinh Essays (2752 words) - Fiction, Literature, Arts

Hung dinh Period 1 05/27/2017 Mr Jade English class Project of the final Today, we are going to mention about two books that we learned already were Of Mice and Men book of the author John Steinbech and Brave New World book of the author Aldous Huxley. Two of the books both have very good meaning as well as condemn about the brutal regime of each book that make us to mention about them today. Fist thing i want to compare the regime between Of Mice and Men book and Brave New World book. In Of Mice and Men book, they have many classes some of them are master class, farmer class as well as lower class. Lower class, they did not have any authorities or right to decide their life, they had to go to work to got money for the living cost and they were so poor, in social, Of Mice and Men womens did not have any rights they had to subordinated to their husband or their family. The Book Of Mice and Men of John Steinbeck were written to sent a message for reader that the loneliness was made by gender and classes, in Of Mice and Men, the author John Steinbeck used th e character Crooks to show how loneliness came from social divisions by race and of course they could not reach to the american dream that everybody always wish to have . Moving to Brave New World book of Aldous Huxley, everything were opposite. In Brave New World book, the reader learns that everyone in this civilization is a clone, the product of Bokanovsky's Process, This homogenization process has been perfected for the purpose of creating order in the world. Their world motto is "Community, Identity, Stability.". Lets analysis next point, everything were drawn by Aldous Huxley, he drew a wonderful new world not only without the loneliness but also have a lots of awesome thing that people in the old world never have. In Brave New World, their had five classes to maintain that stability, the World Controllers have devised a system wherein different classes of people (Alphas, Betas, Gammas, Deltas, and Epsilons) correspond to different levels of power, intellect, and wealth two of the most powerful were upper classes (Alpha and Beta), and three last lower classes were slave, Alpha and Beta dominated lower classes. It is opposite with Of Mice and Men book of John Steinbeck at point although in Of Mice and Men book poor people had the loneliness but they were not dominated by anyone. The second point between Brave New World book and Mice and Men were in Brave New World upper classes were molded have more right but in Mice and Men upper classes have more freedom. The next part that we are going to mention about between Of Mice and Men book and Brave New World is the love of each character's relationship. Through the book Of Mice and Men of the author John Steinbeck, i think you are already know the type of love as well the affection of George with Lennie, they have found companionship. George and Lennie, they watched out for one another. Moreover, they have a dream of finding a fixed place, where they could call home, a farm of their own, they were doing what they can do to against the loneliness. George also knew Lennie very well, they had been friends for a long time as well as they cared about each other and looked after one another. Even though George was mostly looking after Lennie than the other way around. Through this situation, you guy can see their relationship of love were phileo type and what is phileo type of love say?. It said: "Phileo love is brotherly love. This type of love is most often shown within close friendships. This i s a generous and affectionate love that seeks to make the other person happy with no expectation for the acts of kindness to be returned", that is exactly what George did to Lennie, he was never thought to receive something back to him. Thus, everything were so clearly that George and Lennie's love were a phileo type of love, an awesome brotherly love. Moving

Sexual Developement and Orientation

Sexual Developement and Orientation Free Online Research Papers Abstract The purpose of this paper is to describe the process of sexual development and maturity, the physiological basis of sexual development and orientation and to examine the interaction between hormones, the body, and behavior, including sex differences in brain morphology and the hormonal control over sexuality. The affects of the environment on sexual development and orientation will be considered as to the maternal and paternal causes and effects. Sexual Development and Orientation A person’s chromosomal sex is determined at the time of fertilization (Carlson, 2007). All cells of the human body (other than sperms or ova) contain 23 pairs of chromosomes. The genetic information that programs the development of a human is contained in the DNA that constitutes these chromosomes. The production of gametes (ova and sperms; gamein means â€Å"to marry†) entails a special form of cell division. This process produces cells that contain one member of each of the nine pairs of chromosomes. The development of a human begins at the time of fertilization, when a single sperm and ovum join, sharing their 23 single chromosomes to reconstitute the 23 pairs (Carlson, 2007). A person’s genetic sex is determined at the time of fertilization of the ovum by the father’s sperm. 22 of the twenty-three 23 pairs of chromosomes determine the organism’s physical development independent of its sex. The last pair consists of two sex chromosomes, which de termine whether the offspring will be a boy or a girl (Carlson, 2007 ). When considering sexual maturation, the onset of puberty occurs when cells in the hypothalamus secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormones (GnRH), which stimulate the production and release of two gonadotropic hormones by the anterior pituitary gland. The gonadotropic (â€Å"gonad-turning†) hormones stimulate the gonads to produce their hormones, which are ultimately responsible for sexual maturation (Carlson, 2007). The two gonadotropic hormones are folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), named for the effects they produce in the female (production of a follicle and its subsequent luteinization). However, the same hormones are produced in the male, where they stimulate the testes to produce sperms and to secrete testosterone. If male and female pituitary glands are exchanged in rats, the ovaries and testes respond perfectly to the hormones secreted by the new glands (Harris and Jacobsohn, 1951-1952). In response to the gonadotropic hormones (usually called gonadotropins), the gonads secrete steroid sex hormones. The ovaries produce estradiol, one of a class of hormones known as estrogens (Carlson, 2007). The testes produce testosterone, an androgen. Both types of glands also produce a small amount of the hormones of the other sex. The gonadal steroids affect many parts of the body. Both estradiol and androgens initiate closure of the growing portions of the bones and thus halt skeletal growth. Estradiol also causes breast development, growth of the lining of the uterus, changes in the deposition of body fat, and maturation of the female genitalia. Androgens stimulate growth of facial, axillary (underarm), and pubic hair; lower the voice; alter the hairline on the head (often causing baldness later in life); stimulate muscular development; and cause genital growth (Carlson, 2007 ). The physiological basis of early sexual development and orientation is the same for all primates. Early in embryonic development, the internal sex organs are bisexual; that is, all embryos contain the precursors for both female and male sex organs. However, during the third month of gestation, only one of these precursors develops; the other withers away. The precursor of the internal female sex organs, which develops into the fimbriae and Fallopian tubes, the uterus, and the inner two-thirds of the vagina, is called the Mà ¼llerian system. The precursor of the internal male sex organs, which develops into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles, is called the Wolffian system (Carlson, 2007). The gender of the internal sex organs of a fetus is determined by the presence or absence of hormones secreted by the testes. If these hormones are present, the Wolffian system develops. If they are not, the Mà ¼llerian system develops. The Mà ¼llerian (female) system needs no horm onal stimulus from the gonads to develop; it just normally does so. In contrast, the cells of the Wolffian (male) system do not develop unless they are stimulated to do so by a hormone. Thus, testes secrete two types of hormones. The first, a peptide hormone called anti- Mà ¼llerian hormone, does exactly what its name says: It prevents the Mà ¼llerian (female) system from developing. It therefore,has a defeminizing effect. The second, a set of steroid hormones called androgens, stimulates the development of the Wolffian system (Carlson, 2007 ). The fact that the internal sex organs of the human embryo are bisexual and could potentially develop as either male or female is dramatically illustrated by two genetic disorders: androgen insensitivity syndrome and persistent Mà ¼llerian duct syndrome. Some people are insensitive to androgens; they have androgen insensitivity syndrome, one of the more aptly named disorders (Money and Ehhartardt, 1972). T he cause of androgen insensitivity syndrome is a` genetic mutation that prevents the formation of functioning androgen receptors. (The gene for the androgen receptor is located on the X chromosome.) The primitive gonads of a genetic male fetus with androgen insensitivity syndrome become testes and secrete both anti-Mà ¼llerian hormone and androgens. The lack of androgen receptors prevents the androgens from having a masculinizing effect; thus, the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and prostate fail to develop. The second genetic disorder, persistent Mà ¼llerian duct syn drome, has two causes: either a failure to produce anti-Mà ¼llerian hormone or the absence of receptors for this hormone (Warne and Zajan, 1998). When this syndrome occurs in genetic males, androgens have their masculinizing effect but defeminization does not occur. Thus, the person is born with both sets of internal sex organs, male and female. The presence of the additional female sex organs usually interferes with normal functioning of the male sex organs. The interaction between hormones, the body, and behavior, including sex differences in brain morphology and the hormonal control over sexuality can be seen in cycles. The reproductive cycle of female primates is called a menstrual cycle (from mensis, meaning â€Å"month†). Females of other species of mammals also have reproductive cycles, called estrous cycles. Estrus means â€Å"gadfly†; when a female rat is in estrus, her hormonal condition goads her to act differently from when she does at other times. Menstrual cycles and estrous cycles consist of a sequence of events that are controlled by hormonal secretions of the pituitary gland and ovaries. These glands interact, the secretions of one affecting those of the other. A cycle begins with the secretion of gonadotropins by the anterior pituitary gland. These hormones (especially FSH) stimulate the growth of ovarian follicles, small spheres of epithelial cells surrounding each ovum. Women normally produce one ovarian follicle each month; if two are produced and fertilized, dizygotic (fraternal) twins will develop. As ovarian follicles mature, they secrete estradiol, which causes the growth of the lining of the uterus in preparation for implantation of the ovum, should it be fertilized by a sperm. The LH surge causes ovulation: The ovarian follicle ruptures, releasing the ovum. Under the continued influence of LH, the ruptured ovarian follicle becomes a corpus luteum (â€Å"yellow body†), which produces estradiol and progesterone. The latter hormone promotes pregnancy (gestation). It maintains the lining of the uterus, and it inhibits the ovaries from producing another follicle. Meanwhile, the ovum enters one of the Fallopian tubes and begins its progress toward the uterus. If it meets sperm cells during its travel down the Fallopian tube and becomes fertilized, it begins to divide, and several days later it attaches itself to the uterine wall. If the ovum is not fertilized or if fertilized too late to develop sufficiently by the time it gets to the uterus, the corpus luteum will stop producing estradiol and progesterone, then the lining of the walls of the uterus will slough off. At this point, menstruation will commence. Male sexual behavior is quite varied, although the essential features of intromission (entry of the penis into the female’s vagina), pelvic thrusting (rhythmic movement of the hindquarters, causing genital friction), and ejaculation (discharge of semen) are characteristic of all male mammals (Carlson, 2007). After ejaculating, the male refrains from sexual activity for a period. Most mammals will return to copulate again and again, showing a longer pause, called a refractory period, after each ejaculation. (The term comes from the Latin refringere, â€Å"to break off.†) Sexual behavior of male rodents depends on testosterone, a fact that has long been recognized (Bermant and Davidison, 1974). If a male rat is castrated (that is, if his testes are removed), his sexual activity eventually ceases. However, the behavior can be reinstated by injections of testosterone. Other hormones play a role in male sexual behavior. Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the posterior pituit ary gland that contracts the milk ducts and thus causes milk ejection in lactating females and is also produced in males, where it obviously plays no role in lactation. Oxytocin is released at the time of orgasm in both males and females and appears to contribute to the contractions of the smooth muscle in the male ejaculatory system and of the vagina and uterus (Carter, 1992) . The mammalian female has been described as the passive participant in copulation, that in some species the female’s role during the act of copulation is merely to assume a posture that exposes her genitals to the male. This behavior is called the lordosis response (from the Greek lordos, meaning â€Å"bent backward†). The female will also move her tail away (if she has one) and stand rigidly enough to support the weight of the male. However, the behavior of a female rodent in initiating copulation is often very active (Carlson, 2007). Sexual behavior of female rodents depends on the gonadal hormones present during estrus: estradiol and progesterone. In rats, estradiol increases about 40 hours before the female becomes receptive; just before receptivity occurs, the corpus luteum begins secreting large quantities of progesterone (Feder, 1981). What controls a person’s sexual orientation, that is, the gender of the preferred sex partner? Many studies have examined the levels of sex steroids in male homosexuals (Meyer-Bahlburg, 1984), and the vast majority of them found these levels to be similar to those of heterosexuals. A few studies suggest that about 30% of female homosexuals have elevated levels of testosterone (but still lower than those found in men) (Carlson, 2007). If these differences are related to a biological cause of lesbianism or whether differences in lifestyles may increase the secretion of testosterone is not yet known. A more likely biological cause of homosexuality is a subtle difference in brain structure caused by differences in the amount of prenatal exposure to androgens. Perhaps, then, the brains of male homosexuals are neither masculinized nor defeminized, those of female homosexuals are masculinized and defeminized, and those of bisexuals are masculinized but not defeminized (Carlson, 20 07 ) Evidence suggests that prenatal androgens can affect human social behavior and sexual orientation, as well as anatomy. In a disorder known as congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), the adrenal glands secrete abnormal amounts of androgens. (Hyperplasia means â€Å"excessive formation.†) The secretion of androgens begins prenatally; thus, the syndrome causes prenatal masculinization. Boys born with CAH develop normally; the extra androgen does not seem to have significant effects. However, a girl with CAH will be born with an enlarged clitoris, and her labia may be partly fused together. When considering the environmental factors of sexual development, one must consider the parental factors. Although most research on the physiology of parental behavior has focused on maternal behavior, some researchers are now studying paternal behavior shown by the males of some species of rodents. Then the human paternal behavior is very important for the offspring of our species, but the physiological basis of this behavior has not yet been studied. Most sexually dimorphic behaviors are controlled by the organizational and activational effects of sex hormones. Maternal behavior is somewhat different in this respect. First, no evidence exists that organizational effects of hormones play a role. Second, although maternal behavior is affected by hormones, the behavior is not controlled by them. Most virgin female rats will begin to retrieve and care for young pups after having infants placed with them for several days (Wiesner and Sheard, 1939). Although hormones are not essential for the activation of maternal behavior, many aspects of maternal behavior are facilitated by hormones. Nest-building behavior is facilitated by progesterone, the principal hormone of pregnancy. Voci and Carlson (1973)found that hypothalamic implants of prolactin as well as progesterone facilitated nest building in virgin female mice. Presumably, nest building can be facilitated by either hormone: progesterone during pregnancy and prolactin after parturit ion. Prolactin, produced by the anterior pituitary gland, is responsible for milk production. Unlike many other peptides, special mechanisms transport this hormone from the blood into the brain (Carlson, 2007 ). References Bermant, G., and Davidson, J. M. Biological Bases of Sexual Behavior. New York: Harper Row, 1974. Carlson, N. R. (2007 ). Physiology of Behavior, Ninth Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Carter, C. S. Hormonal influences on human sexual behavior. In Behavioral Endocrinology, edited by J. B. Becker, S. M. Breedlove, and D. Crews. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992. Feder, H. H. Estrous cyclicity in mammals. In Neuroendocrinology of Reproduction, edited by N. T. Adler. New York: Plenum Press, 1981. Harris, G. W., and Jacobsohn, D. Functional grafts of the anterior pituitary gland. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London [B], 1951– 1952, 139, 263– 267. Meyer- Bahlburg, H. F. L. Psychoendocrine research on sexual orientation: Current status and future options. Progress in Brain Research, 1984, 63, 375– 398. Money, J., and Ehrhardt, A. Man Woman, Boy Girl. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972. Warne, G. L., and Zajac, J. D. Disorders of sexual differentiation. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 1998, 27, 945– 967. Voci, V. E., and Carlson, N. R. Enhancement of maternal behavior and nest behavior following systemic and diencephalic administration of prolactin and progesterone in the mouse. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 1973, 83, 388– 393. Wiesner, B. P., and Sheard, N. Maternal Behaviour in the Rat. London: Oliver and Brody, 1933. Research Papers on Sexual Developement and OrientationGenetic EngineeringInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paperThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Personal Experience with Teen Pregnancy